# Altona: refuge and freedom of worship 1601–1641 · Overview Mennonite refugees from the Netherlands found an opening at Altona, outside the restrictions of neighboring Hamburg. In 1601 the rulers of Holstein-Pinneberg granted religious and commercial privileges to Mennonites and Reformed refugees. The Mennonite congregation first worshiped in private homes; its later meetinghouse on the Große Freiheit became a lasting sign of this refuge. The surviving privilege of 6 June 1641 renewed protection for Mennonites who had lived there for forty years. It recognized religious freedom and trade while requiring peaceful conduct and obedience to the law. The congregation’s story therefore joins freedom of conscience to the everyday work of establishing households and livelihoods. The chart summarizes this development as admission to citizenship in 1601. The documentary record gives the more specific language of settlement, worship, and commercial privileges. Those protections helped sustain a Dutch-speaking Mennonite community through changing local rulers and circumstances. - [Supplied branch chart, IMG_9375](https://github.com/trueChristian/history.truechristian.church/blob/main/sources/church-history/photos/IMG_9375.jpg) - [Altona Museum: religious liberty and the Mennonite congregation](https://www.shmh.de/ausstellungen/glaubensfreiheit-online-im-altonaer-museum/) - [European Religious Peace Documents: Altona privileges, 1601–1647](https://tueditions.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/v/pa000008-0216) --- Page: https://history.truechristian.church/en/events/altona-religious-liberty/ [Contribute a correction or addition](https://github.com/trueChristian/history.truechristian.church/issues/new?title=Correction%3A+Altona%3A+refuge+and+freedom+of+worship&body=%23%23+Page+or+topic%0AAltona%3A+refuge+and+freedom+of+worship%0A%0APage%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.truechristian.church%2Fen%2Fevents%2Faltona-religious-liberty%2F%0A%0ARecord%3A+altona-religious-liberty%0A%0ADate+currently+shown%3A+1601%E2%80%931641%0A%0A%23%23+Correction+or+addition%0A%0A%0A%0A%23%23+Sources+and+evidence%0APlease+include+book%2Fpage+references%2C+archive+links%2C+or+first-hand+documentation.%0A%0A%0A%0A%23%23+Image+credit+%28if+applicable%29%0ACreator%2C+source%2C+and+permission+or+public-domain+basis.%0A%0A%0A%0ASubmitted+for+review%3B+this+issue+does+not+publish+changes+automatically.)